Barrow - bowl-barrow, Cush, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Barrows
A low, unassuming mound sitting in rough pasture on the slopes of Slievereagh might easily be dismissed as a trick of the terrain.
It is barely 0.9 metres high and around 11 metres across, and the antiquary Thomas Johnson Westropp, writing in the early twentieth century, noted it as a levelled thing with a single conglomerate rock resting on its base. Yet this modest bowl-barrow, the northernmost of three such mounds at Cush, sits at the centre of what was once identified as Temaír Erann, the supposed ancient cemetery of the Ernai tribe. The wider archaeological complex surrounding it includes a large field system and a ringfort lying just 20 metres to the north-east, and it is precisely the ordinariness of the mound's appearance that makes what lies beneath it so quietly arresting.
The site's buried life began to come into view in 1924, when a partial excavation by T. Shea uncovered an urn containing cremated bone, which was subsequently reinterred. A decade later, between 1934 and 1935, the archaeologist Seán P. Ó Ríordáin undertook more thorough excavations, cataloguing the mound as Tumulus I in his published account of 1940. He found that much of the interior was covered by a closely packed paving of small stones, set at varying depths of up to 45 centimetres beneath the surface. Scattered across and among these stones were fragments of cremated bone. Six upright stones were identified as the remnants of a kerb, the ring of stones that would originally have defined the mound's edge, a feature typical of bowl-barrows, which are round Bronze Age burial mounds characterised by a domed profile and sometimes enclosed by a surrounding ditch. Ó Ríordáin also recorded a possible fosse, an encircling ditch, inside the mound's edge, though it was incomplete, with a gap of roughly one-fifth of its circumference on the northern side. A stone cist, a small box-like burial chamber formed from flat slabs, was also uncovered during the same excavations.
The mound sits within a working pastoral landscape, so access requires some care and, as with most such sites in private fields, it is worth being mindful of land boundaries and seasonal grazing. The broader Cush complex on Slievereagh rewards a slow approach; the field system and the other two barrows nearby make more sense in relation to each other than any one element does alone. The mound itself will not announce itself dramatically. What Ó Ríordáin called low and insignificant compared to its companions is still the best description, but knowing that a carefully laid stone pavement and the scattered remains of the dead lie just below the grass changes how the ground beneath your feet feels.