Burial, Chapelizod, Co. Dublin
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Burial Sites
Somewhere beneath the lawns and deer-grazed parkland of the Phoenix Park, a Viking woman was buried over a thousand years ago, accompanied by a pair of bronze oval brooches that would eventually end up in two different countries.
The exact spot has never been identified. No mound, no marker, no local memory survives to indicate where she was laid to rest. What remains are the brooches themselves, now separated between Copenhagen and London, and a question that has never been fully resolved.
The discovery came to light in the 19th century, though the precise date of finding is unrecorded. The Irish antiquary J. Huband Smith acquired the brooches and, in 1848, donated one to the National Museum in Copenhagen. Its register entry is the sole surviving record explicitly connecting any of the objects to a grave in the Phoenix Park. Six years later, in 1854, the British Museum purchased the second brooch from Smith, along with three other objects, one of which, a gilt bronze mounting, was also registered as coming from the Phoenix Park. The two oval brooches are classified as type R.647, variety D in Petersen's typological system for Viking-age oval brooches, and have been dated to the 9th or 10th century. Oval brooches of this kind were worn in pairs at the shoulders to fasten a woman's dress, which is part of why scholars believe the two pieces belonged to a single burial rather than representing separate losses or a hoard. R. A. Hall, writing in the Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland in 1974, set out the argument for a Viking grave, noting that the coincidence of provenance and vendor around the British Museum purchase raises a further puzzle: whether Smith had acquired objects from one deposit or two.
The Phoenix Park covers over 700 hectares and receives millions of visitors each year, most of them entirely unaware that it may contain an undisturbed Viking burial somewhere underfoot. There is nothing to find on the ground, no scheduled monument marked on any accessible map, and no interpretive panel. The interest here is not in visiting a site but in knowing that one, probably, exists. For anyone curious enough to follow the paper trail, Hall's 1974 article remains the key source, and the Copenhagen brooch can be viewed at the National Museum of Denmark under accession number 10515, its twin at the British Museum under 1854.3-7.1.