Cashlaunbeg, Cappauniac, Co. Tipperary South
East of Cappa Castle tower house in County Tipperary sits an impressive bawn, a fortified enclosure that once protected the castle's residents and livestock.
Cashlaunbeg, Cappauniac, Co. Tipperary South
This roughly rectangular defensive structure stretches 51 metres north to south and 72 metres east to west, built along the western edge of a ridge. The Second Edition Ordnance Survey maps from 1901 to 1905 show its distinctive shape, with straight eastern and southern sides whilst the northern side curves eastward, following the natural contours of the landscape.
The most remarkable feature of this bawn is the semi-circular turret along its eastern wall, known locally as Cashlaunbeg. This small but formidable structure, measuring just over 3 metres across internally, was built from randomly coursed yellowish sandstone rubble. Five gun loops once pierced its ground floor walls, allowing defenders to cover approaches from north to south, though only two embrasures remain intact today, facing northeast and southeast. Above the southeast embrasure, a corbel still juts out, evidence that this turret once had an upper floor. The builders cleverly enhanced the site’s natural defences by cutting a fosse, or defensive ditch, into the ridge along the eastern side. This created a 3.45 metre wide ditch with the bawn wall rising 2.36 metres above it, its face reinforced with stone revetment.
The bawn’s construction shows sophisticated defensive planning throughout. Along the southern edge, there’s a dramatic three to four metre drop from the interior to the exterior, faced with stone and topped by a largely collapsed wall about two metres wide. The northern face features a parallel outer wall that creates a narrow defensive lane just 2.2 metres wide, whilst the western side north of the tower house incorporates an inner bank of collapsed stone, a flat-bottomed fosse, and an outer bank; a triple line of defence that would have made any assault extremely difficult. Today, portions of the structure serve as field boundaries, with the northern section particularly substantial despite centuries of weathering and collapse.





