Charcoal-making site, Lugduff, Co. Wicklow

Co. Wicklow |

Kilns

Charcoal-making site, Lugduff, Co. Wicklow

Scattered across the wooded slopes of Lugduff in County Wicklow are the faint earthwork platforms where charcoal was once made in industrial quantities.

These low, levelled terraces, cut into hillsides to provide a stable working surface, are easy to overlook entirely, yet they represent a form of woodland industry that shaped the Irish landscape for centuries. The site at Lugduff is one of eighty-six such platforms recorded across the area by a researcher named Healy in 1972, a figure that alone suggests just how systematically these hills were once worked.

A mound kiln, the type associated with this particular platform, was a method of slow-burning stacked timber under a covering of earth and turf, starving the wood of oxygen so that it carbonised rather than combusted fully. The resulting charcoal was a vital fuel for iron smelting and other industries before coal became widely available. The Lugduff platform, measuring five metres long and three and a half metres wide, was test-excavated in 2009 by the UCD School of Archaeology as part of its training fieldwork programme, alongside two other nearby platforms. Radiocarbon dating of a charcoal sample recovered during that work produced dates of AD 1690 to 1730 and again 1810 to 1920, suggesting the site saw at least two distinct periods of activity, centuries apart. Whether the same spot was returned to out of habit, convenience, or because the woodland had sufficiently regenerated in the intervening decades, the evidence points to a place that was useful, practical, and used accordingly.

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