Enclosure, Crumlin, Co. Clare

Co. Clare |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Crumlin, Co. Clare

On a narrow rock terrace cut into the western face of a steep Clare hillside, at roughly the 400-foot contour, three old enclosures sit in a loose north-south line.

This northernmost one went unrecorded on the first edition of the Ordnance Survey six-inch map, only appearing on the later Cassini edition of 1915, which gives some sense of how quietly it has persisted on the margins of official notice. It is not a fort in any grand sense; the walls are drystone, the plan is roughly rectangular, and the whole thing measures perhaps 50 metres north to south and 25 metres east to west.

The antiquarian Thomas Johnson Westropp visited the group in 1905 and described all three as "rude old enclosures of slab masonry, partly rebuilt, but embodying ancient work, though neither regular nor massive," concluding they were "evidently cattle bauns." A bawn, in this context, is simply a walled enclosure used to keep livestock, the kind of functional agricultural structure that turns up across Ireland without much ceremony. What makes this one worth a closer look is the pair of conjoined stone structures in the southern sector of the enclosure. The western of the two is the more carefully built, its double-faced wall still holding stones that are earthfast and impressively sized, some a metre high and wider still. It may be the older of the two. The eastern structure is larger but cruder, its walls thinner and lower, and it may have served as a livestock pen. The fact that a more robustly constructed building was later joined by a more utilitarian one suggests a site that was adapted and reused over time, though by whom and across what span remains unresolved.

The site sits on an exposed terrace with higher ground immediately to the east, which means the enclosure would have been overlooked from above while facing out to the west. The two companion enclosures lie roughly 170 metres and 300 metres to the south-south-west, so the broader arrangement across this hillside slope is worth taking in as a whole if the ground allows.

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