Enclosure, Newtown, Co. Kilkenny
Co. Kilkenny |
Enclosures
In a pasture near Newtown in County Kilkenny, trees and scrub have quietly swallowed a circular enclosure roughly 56 metres across.
That kind of slow vegetative reclamation is common enough in the Irish countryside, but what gives this site a particular quality is the way it has persisted across cartographic time without ever quite yielding its purpose. Circular enclosures of this sort are generally understood to be the remains of a rath or ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead built predominantly during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries, in which an earthen bank and ditch defined a domestic space for a single farming family and their livestock. Thousands survive across Ireland in varying states of preservation, yet each one carries a slightly different signature in the landscape.
The enclosure at Newtown first appears on the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map, produced in 1839, which means it was already a recognisable feature in the landscape when nineteenth-century surveyors moved through the area with their instruments and notebooks. It reappears on the 1947 revision, confirming that the circular form had not been ploughed out or otherwise erased in the intervening century. A stream flowing southward runs along the western and south-western edge of the perimeter, and the OS maps also record a scattering of small ponds in the vicinity. The presence of water so close to the boundary is not unusual for sites of this kind; a reliable water source would have been a practical consideration for anyone choosing where to establish a settled farmstead, and streams and marshy ground could also serve as natural extensions of a site's defensive margin.