Enclosure, Urracly, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Enclosures
On the first edition of the Ordnance Survey six-inch map, a neat circular enclosure is clearly marked in the grassland at Urracly, roughly thirty-five metres across, bisected at its eastern and western edges by a road.
Today, almost nothing of it remains above ground. The road that sliced through it is still there, but the enclosure itself has been swallowed by the landscape, leaving only a faint oval hollow in the grass to the south of the carriageway as any hint that something once stood here.
Enclosures of this kind, often interpreted as the remains of ringforts or cashels, were once a common feature of the Irish countryside. A ringfort, broadly speaking, was a circular enclosed settlement, typically defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, used during the early medieval period as a farmstead and place of relative security. Thousands survive across Ireland in varying states of preservation, but many others have been lost to agriculture, road-building, and time. The Urracly example falls into that latter category. What the first edition OS map captured in the nineteenth century was already, by the time fieldwork was carried out for the archaeological inventory of North Galway, effectively gone. Its position is quietly suggestive, though: the site looks out over a turlough to the south-west. A turlough is a seasonally flooding lake, a feature particular to the limestone karst landscapes of the west of Ireland, where water rises and retreats through the rock according to the time of year. Settlements placed near turloughs often took advantage of the fertile ground around their margins, and the choice of this spot may reflect exactly that kind of practical, long-term familiarity with the land.