Fulacht fia, Inchagreenoge, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Settlement Sites
Scattered across the Irish countryside in their thousands, fulachta fia are among the most common, and least explained, archaeological features in the country.
They survive as low, horseshoe-shaped mounds of fire-cracked stone, typically found near water, and almost always dated to the Bronze Age. The one recorded at Inchagreenoge in County Limerick fits the general type in some ways, but its setting and scale give it a particular interest. It sat on the western edge of a low-lying boggy area, at the base of a steep hill, a location that would have offered both shelter and a reliable source of water.
The site came to light during excavation by Kate Taylor, carried out under licence reference 02E0899, as part of Bord Gáis Éireann's Pipeline to the West project, one of the large infrastructure schemes that produced a significant body of archaeological finds across the midlands and west of Ireland in the early 2000s. The fulacht fia itself measured 16.8 metres by at least 19.2 metres, with a maximum depth of 0.26 metres, making it a relatively substantial example. Beneath the spread of burnt stone, excavators uncovered a sub-rectangular trough, the central feature of a fulacht fia, essentially a pit used to hold water, which was then heated by dropping fire-heated stones into it. At Inchagreenoge, this trough was lined with timber planks and stakes, a form of lining that helped to retain water and prevent the sides from collapsing. The exact purpose of fulachta fia remains debated; cooking, bathing, and textile processing have all been proposed, and none has been definitively ruled out.
Because this site was identified and recorded during pipeline construction rather than through a publicly accessible excavation, there is no visitor infrastructure to speak of, and the ground has long since been returned to agricultural or industrial use. The record compiled by Denis Power and uploaded to the excavations.ie database in August 2012 remains the primary source of detail. For those interested in fulachta fia more broadly, County Limerick and the surrounding counties contain numerous examples, and the Irish National Monuments Service maintains searchable records that can help locate sites where surface evidence still survives.