Megalithic tomb - wedge tomb, Cuillaun, Co. Mayo
Co. Mayo |
Megalithic Tombs
In the pastureland of Cuillaun, a prehistoric burial monument has vanished so completely that the ground gives no indication it was ever there.
The site near the eastern end of a low ridge, overlooking Killaturly Lough to the south, once held a wedge tomb, one of the most widespread megalithic tomb types in Ireland, characterised by a gallery that narrows and lowers towards the rear, typically oriented south-west to catch the setting sun. What makes this particular absence worth marking is not just that the structure is gone, but that it disappeared within living memory, erased during land reclamation sometime in the mid to late twentieth century.
The 1837 Ordnance Survey six-inch map labels the spot a 'Giant's Grave', the colloquial term Irish cartographers routinely applied to ancient field monuments whose true nature was not well understood at the time. By 1919, the monument had already been dropped from the revised edition, suggesting it was already becoming difficult to distinguish from the surrounding landscape. When the archaeologists Ruaidhrí de Valera and Seán Ó Nualláin visited in 1964 for their Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland, they found an oval-shaped mound roughly eleven metres along its north-east to south-west axis and eight metres across, partly smothered by overgrowth and being used informally as a dump for field stones. Even then, the structure retained something of its original form: a portion of a roof stone was visible near the centre, resting on what appeared to be side stones, and four uprights towards the south-west end seemed to represent the façade of an outer wall, with additional stones around the mound's edge possibly indicating further outer walling. That record is now all that survives of the monument itself. A cluster of large stones piled against a field fence to the south may include material displaced from the tomb during reclamation, though nothing can be confirmed with certainty.