Moated site, Busherstown, Co. Offaly

Moated site, Busherstown, Co. Offaly

The multi-period archaeological site at Busherstown reveals centuries of human activity along what is now the N7 road between Castletown and Nenagh.

Moated site, Busherstown, Co. Offaly

Excavations in 2007 uncovered evidence of extensive cereal processing operations dating from the medieval period, with fifteen distinctive figure-of-eight or dumbbell-shaped kilns cut directly into the earth. These structures, each featuring a deeper firing chamber and a separate drying chamber, were likely used for drying grain before storage or processing. The site’s elevated position at 140 metres above sea level, overlooking marshy ground with a stream running below, would have been ideal for such agricultural activities, providing both drainage and access to water.

The site evolved significantly over time, with deep ditches later constructed to enclose certain areas, though it remains unclear whether this happened whilst the cereal processing was still active or after it had ceased. These enclosing ditches often cut through the earlier kilns, suggesting a shift in the site’s purpose. The most dramatic transformation came with the construction of a massive moated enclosure, its subrectangular outline still visible in aerial photographs of the surrounding fields. The excavated portion of this impressive ditch measured up to 5.56 metres wide and 1.7 metres deep, originally reinforced with large boulders that eventually collapsed into its base. Within this moated area, archaeologists found evidence of continued occupation including structural foundations, additional corn-drying kilns, and a possible smithing hearth with an associated well.



Among the more poignant discoveries were two burials: an infant carefully placed in one ditch with head to the west, arms folded across the chest and knees bent southward; and a juvenile or young adult seemingly rolled face-down into another ditch. The site yielded several notable artefacts including an Edward I or II long cross silver penny dating between 1279 and 1327, a decorated bronze or copper alloy strip that may be part of medieval tweezers, a bone pin with a perforated triangular head, and six quernstone fragments used for grinding grain. These finds, along with post-medieval pottery and iron objects, paint a picture of a site that remained significant to local communities for hundreds of years, evolving from an agricultural processing centre to an enclosed settlement, and eventually becoming incorporated into the surrounding farmland as evidenced by the furrows that cross many of the earlier features.

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Busherstown, Co. Offaly
52.8876842, -7.92982086
52.8876842,-7.92982086
Busherstown 
Castle Features 

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