Ringfort (Cashel), Graigues (Connello Lower By.), Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
A ringfort that has lost half of itself to the slow work of farming and field-making is still a ringfort, though it takes some patience to read.
At Graigues in County Limerick, what survives is less than a full circle: a semi-circular raised area sitting atop a limestone hill, the rest of its outline absorbed into the surrounding landscape over generations of agricultural use. Ringforts, known in Irish as raths or cashels depending on whether they were defined by earthen banks or stone walls, were the dominant settlement form in early medieval Ireland, typically enclosing a farmstead and its outbuildings. This one belongs to the cashel tradition, its boundary formed from stone rather than earth.
The monument was recorded as a complete circular enclosure of roughly thirty metres in diameter on the Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1841, meaning it was still sufficiently intact in the mid-nineteenth century to be mapped with confidence. Since then it has been partially levelled. What remains runs approximately thirty metres on a northeast to southwest axis, though only fourteen and a half metres across on the northwest to southeast line, the geometry of a full circuit now reduced to something closer to a crescent. The surviving stone bank reaches about fifty-five centimetres on the interior face and seventy-five centimetres on the exterior. To the south, a field boundary has effectively replaced the original bank, and beyond that boundary there is no visible surface trace at all. The site was compiled as part of the archaeological record by Denis Power and uploaded in August 2011.
The interior, where it survives, is level and covered with trees, which is fairly typical for ringforts that have passed out of active agricultural use. A limestone outcrop sits near the centre, a reminder that the hill itself is part of a broader zone of exposed limestone common to this part of Limerick. Visitors approaching from the surrounding pasture should expect to work slightly to understand the site spatially; the field boundary that cuts across the southern arc can make it difficult at first to distinguish the original monument from later agricultural features. Looking for the slight rise of the surviving bank between the southwest and east-northeast arc is the clearest way to trace what remains of the enclosure.