Ringfort (Cashel), Graigues (Connello Lower By.), Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Cashel), Graigues (Connello Lower By.), Co. Limerick

A low limestone hillock in the scrubby countryside of Connello Lower, County Limerick, holds something easy to walk past and easier still to misread.

What looks, at a glance, like a tumbled field boundary is in fact a ringfort, one of the thousands of circular enclosures built across Ireland during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. Ringforts, known also as raths when earthen and cashels when built from dry stone, served as farmstead enclosures, protecting a household, its livestock, and its stores within a defined boundary. This example falls into the cashel category, its enclosing wall constructed without mortar from locally available limestone.

The enclosure measures roughly twenty-six metres in diameter, defined by a dry-stone bank that has collapsed considerably over the centuries. Where it survives best, along the southern to west-south-western arc, the bank still stands to around 0.75 metres on its outer face, rising to something closer to a proper scarp of 0.9 metres as it swings north-westward. A later dry-stone field wall has been built directly against the outer bank at the north-west, running along its top and then diverging eastward away from the enclosure, suggesting that farmers in more recent centuries found the old cashel wall a convenient foundation or boundary marker. On the eastern and southern sides, further field walls press close to the base of the outer bank, and the corner of a field has been formed at the south-east, making it clear that the surrounding agricultural landscape has long since absorbed and rearranged itself around the earlier structure. The survey was compiled by Denis Power and uploaded to the national record in August 2011.

The interior repays careful attention despite its untidiness. The ground is uneven, scattered with loose stone and fallen wood, and it slopes downward toward the south-east. More unusually, a low internal dividing bank, standing about 0.45 metres high, runs on a north-east to south-west axis just east of centre, splitting the enclosed space into two areas of slightly different levels, with the western portion sitting a little higher. This kind of internal subdivision is not unknown in cashels and may reflect a separation between domestic and animal quarters, though the scrub vegetation that now blankets the eastern and southern portions of the enclosure makes the full picture difficult to read on the ground. Access is across farmland, and the site offers no formal infrastructure, so appropriate permissions and suitable footwear are necessary before approaching.

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