Ringfort (Rath), Ballincurra, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
There is a particular category of Irish monument that exists more in the archive than in the landscape, and the rath at Ballincurra, County Limerick, belongs squarely to it.
The site is, by any honest measure, invisible. No earthwork rises from the ground, no trace of a bank or ditch interrupts the pasture, and a visitor standing on the east-facing slope where the enclosure once sat would have no reason to suspect that anything of significance had ever been there.
What the record shows is this: the Ordnance Survey's six-inch map of 1841 depicted a circular embanked enclosure roughly forty metres in diameter on this ground. A rath, or ringfort, was typically a circular earthen enclosure, defined by one or more banks and ditches, used as a farmstead during the early medieval period in Ireland. Tens of thousands once existed across the country. The Ballincurra example was one of them, sitting on a break in an east-facing slope, presumably in agricultural use for centuries before the survey teams recorded it. At some point after 1841, and before the site was inspected and compiled by Denis Power in 2011, the monument was levelled entirely. A farm passage running on a north-south axis passes close to the western edge of where the enclosure once stood, and may reflect the kind of ongoing agricultural activity that has, over many generations, gradually erased so many of these features from the Irish countryside.
For anyone interested in what is sometimes called the negative archaeology of a place, the general area around Ballincurra repays attention if approached with the 1841 Ordnance Survey six-inch sheets to hand, available freely through the Historical Maps viewer at osi.ie. Comparing the old cartography with the present landscape gives a clear sense of what has been lost. The site itself sits in pasture, and there is nothing to see on the ground. The value here is in the contrast between the mapped record and the current reality, which tells its own quiet story about how intensively this countryside has been worked and reshaped across the past two centuries.