Ringfort (Rath), Barnavihall, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ringforts
In a stretch of low-lying marshy grassland in north County Galway, a small oval earthwork sits on a barely perceptible rise, the kind of feature that most people would walk past without a second glance.
It is, in fact, a well-preserved rath, the term used for a ringfort defined by an earthen bank rather than stone, and it survives in unusually good condition for a structure that may be well over a thousand years old.
Raths were the most common settlement type in early medieval Ireland, typically enclosing a farmstead and its associated buildings within a circular or oval bank and ditch. This one measures roughly 26 metres east to west and 17 metres north to south, which places it at the smaller end of the scale, though its proportions are quite typical of the form. What makes it quietly interesting is a narrow gap, about 1.75 metres wide, on the north-north-east side of the bank. Gaps of this kind are often later breaches caused by centuries of agricultural activity, but in this case the gap may be original, a surviving entrance through which the inhabitants of this enclosure would once have passed.
The setting adds something to the reading of the site. The slight rise on which it sits would have been a deliberate choice, offering a degree of drainage and visibility in what is otherwise flat, wet ground. The bank itself appears to be intact enough to trace the full oval circuit, making it easier than usual to get a sense of the original enclosure as a defined, purposeful space rather than a vague earthen swell.