Ringfort (Rath), Carrowduff, Co. Clare

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Carrowduff, Co. Clare

Sitting in marshy pasture on a south-facing slope in County Clare, this small ringfort is the kind of place that reads more clearly from the air than from the ground.

What you are looking at, if you can pick it out through the rushes and encroaching vegetation, is a bivallate rath, meaning a roughly circular enclosure defined not by a single bank and ditch but by two concentric rings of earthworks. The inner bank, outer bank, and the fosse between them are all still measurable, even if much of what remains is low and worn. The interior slopes gently southward, open to the views in that direction, while higher ground rises to the west.

Ringforts of this kind were the standard rural settlement type in early medieval Ireland, used roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. They were farmsteads, enclosing a household and its immediate outbuildings within an earthen boundary that offered a degree of security for people and livestock. The double-bank arrangement here, with an estimated internal diameter of around 22 metres, placed it at the more substantial end of the local spectrum; a second line of defence, or at least of demarcation, was a mark of some social standing. The site was recorded on Ordnance Survey six-inch maps in both the 1840 and 1916 editions, which means it was recognisable as an earthwork for at least that long. A gap of roughly 1.8 metres in the inner bank at the south-east may mark the original entrance, a feature that in Irish ringforts typically faced towards the morning sun. A field boundary running north-west to south-east appears to cut across the western portion of the site, and the western half is now heavily overgrown, complicating any reading of the full circuit.

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Pete F
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