Ringfort (Rath), Commons (Shanid By.), Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
A low earthen ring sitting quietly in a Limerick pasture might not announce itself as anything remarkable, but the geometry underfoot tells a different story.
This rath, a type of ringfort built from raised earthen banks rather than stone, is a double-banked enclosure: two concentric rings of earth with a fosse, or defensive ditch, running between them. That second bank is not always present on Irish ringforts, and its survival here, even partial, marks this as a site of some ambition by whoever commissioned its construction.
The details recorded by surveyor Denis Power give a clear sense of the structure's proportions. The enclosure measures 31 metres across in both directions, making it a near-perfect circle. The inner bank, which reaches an external height of 3.3 metres, is most pronounced at the south-west, where it stands just over a metre tall on the interior face. The outer bank, surviving from south-west around to south-east, rises to roughly 1.65 metres on its inner side. Between them, the fosse is 2.2 metres wide. At the south-east, a proper entrance some 5 metres across is preserved, complete with a causeway that would once have carried people and animals across the ditch. A cattle gap of around 2 metres cut through both banks at the north-west appears to be a later, more pragmatic addition, the kind of modification that happened when ancient enclosures were folded into ordinary farmland use over the centuries.
The site sits immediately north of a road on a gently north-east-facing slope in the Commons townland, within the old barony of Shanid, a part of County Limerick with its own layered early medieval history. Ringforts of this kind are generally associated with Early Christian Ireland, roughly the period from the fifth to the twelfth century, and would typically have enclosed a farmstead or small settlement. The level interior here remains under pasture, which has both obscured and protected whatever lies beneath. Visitors approaching from the road will find the outer bank easiest to read from a slight distance, where the double-ring structure becomes legible as a whole. The south-west quadrant, where both banks are best preserved, rewards a closer look.