Ringfort (Rath), Coolowen, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Coolowen, Co. Cork

On a north-south ridge between the River Martin and the River Blarney in County Cork, a circular earthwork sits quietly in pasture, its form largely intact on two sides and quietly dismantled on the other two.

A rath is an early medieval ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead once extraordinarily common across Ireland, defined by a raised earthen bank enclosing a roughly circular area. This one measured roughly 45 metres across before excavation, with a surviving bank standing about 1.5 metres high along its southern and western sides. To the north, the bank has been replaced at some point by an ordinary field fence, and the eastern side was cut away by a road running north to south.

When Twohig excavated the site in 1975, the interior was already considerably disturbed. A concrete pit, measuring 12 metres east to west and 6 metres north to south, had been sunk into the southern half of the enclosure for beet storage, and a lime kiln, a structure once used for burning limestone to produce agricultural lime, had been built into the bank on the south-south-eastern side. Despite these intrusions, excavation did reveal a trench running inside and concentric with the earthen bank, about one metre wide and 0.6 metres deep, which the excavators interpreted as possibly having held a palisade to reinforce the inner face of the bank. A V-sectioned ditch was found on the outside. The interior, however, yielded no finds and no evidence of habitation, leaving the question of who lived here, and for how long, unanswered.

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