Ringfort (Rath), Gortroe (Connello Lower By.), Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
A public road cuts straight through the middle of this Co. Limerick ringfort, bisecting what was once a complete circular enclosure into two unequal halves on either side of the tarmac.
Ringforts, sometimes called raths, are the most common archaeological monument in Ireland; roughly circular enclosures defined by an earthen bank and ditch, they served as enclosed farmsteads during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. Most survive at least partially intact. This one in Gortroe, in the old barony of Connello Lower, has had a road driven through its centre, and what remains is so reduced in places that it takes patience and the right conditions to read it at all.
The Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1840 recorded the site as an embanked circular enclosure with an external diameter of approximately 40 metres and an internal diameter of around 29 metres, already shown as bisected by the road running on a southwest to northeast axis. By the time the 25-inch edition was surveyed in 1897, the monument had been further reduced, with the bank and external fosse, the ditch that ran outside the bank, surviving only from the south-southwest around to the north, and reduced to a mere scarp elsewhere. By the time of an on-the-ground inspection, no surface trace at all was visible on the northwest side of the road. On the southeast side, a scarped edge just 0.35 metres high and 2.5 metres wide could be traced through tall grass, defining a D-shaped area extending about 22.5 metres back from the road. The site was compiled by Denis Power and later revised by Caimin O'Brien, drawing on fieldwork carried out by Sarah McCutcheon, Limerick Local Authority Archaeologist.
McCutcheon's revisit after a prolonged dry summer proved illuminating. Dry weather can cause buried ditches and banks to show up in overlying grass or crops as cropmarks, lighter or darker patches that betray subsurface features invisible at ground level. On that occasion, the cropmark of the levelled ditch appeared on the eastern half of the monument, while the western half showed the faint outline of what remained of the bank. The site sits on a gentle northeast-facing slope in pasture, and the interior ground follows that same gradient down towards the northeast. Visiting in late summer after a dry spell gives the best chance of seeing these fleeting marks, though even then what you are reading is less a monument than an echo of one, recoverable only if you know where to look and what the grass is trying to tell you.