Ringfort (Rath), Kilcolman (Shanid By.), Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Kilcolman (Shanid By.), Co. Limerick

Two ringforts once stood side by side on this north-facing slope in Kilcolman, in the Shanid barony of County Limerick, and the evidence suggests they were originally joined.

Today, a modern field boundary cuts between them, separating this enclosure from its neighbour immediately to the south-west. That division is relatively recent in the long view of things, and the earthworks themselves are old enough to predate any such agricultural tidying. The effect is quietly disorienting: what looks like a single unremarkable ring in a pasture field is almost certainly half of something larger.

Ringforts, known in Irish as raths when constructed from earthen banks rather than stone, were the most common form of enclosed settlement in early medieval Ireland, typically dating from roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries. They served as farmsteads, enclosing a household and its associated structures within a raised bank and an outer ditch known as a fosse. This particular example is sub-circular in plan, measuring approximately 20.8 metres north to south and 22.5 metres east to west. The enclosing bank survives best on the western and north-western arc, where it reaches an external height of around 1.45 metres. Towards the north-north-east the bank diminishes to a scarped edge, only about 0.3 metres high and 2 metres wide. The fosse, which runs from the west-south-west to the north-north-west, is shallow now, measuring roughly 2.1 metres wide and 0.2 metres deep. The interior slopes downward to the north, following the natural pitch of the hillside. The site was compiled by Denis Power and uploaded to the record in August 2011.

The fort sits in pasture on a steep north-facing slope, so the ground underfoot can be uneven and the grass tends to obscure the lower portions of the earthworks. The southern portion of the bank is partly obscured where the external face runs directly against the existing east-west field boundary. Visitors looking to make sense of the full picture should walk the western arc first, where the bank is most legible, and then look south-west across the field boundary toward the companion enclosure, LI019-18601-, to appreciate how the two features relate to one another. The relationship between them is the most genuinely unusual thing here, a pair of adjoining enclosures now artificially split, their original configuration surviving only in the shape of the ground itself.

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Pete F
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