Castle - ringwork and bailey, Donaghmore Lower, Co. Kilkenny
On a gentle southwest-facing slope at the foot of Spahill in County Kilkenny, a curious earthwork monument sits amongst the pasture, offering extensive views across the surrounding countryside.
Castle - ringwork and bailey, Donaghmore Lower, Co. Kilkenny
This raised oval mound, measuring approximately 34 metres north to south and 30 metres east to west, is enclosed by a series of earthen banks and ditches that tell a complex story of medieval fortification and adaptation. The monument’s most distinctive feature is its berm or bailey, a level area between 7 and 14 metres wide that surrounds the central raised area, giving the entire structure the appearance of a ringwork castle with its characteristic defensive layout.
The site appears to have undergone significant modifications throughout its history, transforming from what was likely an original ringfort into a more sophisticated ringwork and bailey fortification. Around the base of the central mound, the berm has been scooped out to create a shallow, fosse-like depression that probably provided material for raising the mound itself. An outer bank, standing nearly a metre high externally, completes the defensive circuit, whilst traces of an additional outer fosse can still be detected in the northern and eastern sections, though these are quite shallow and may result from later agricultural activity.
Archaeological evidence suggests this was once a thriving settlement site. The footings of a rectangular structure with rounded corners, measuring 7 by 3.5 metres, can still be traced in the northwest quadrant of the interior. More intriguingly, historical Ordnance Survey maps from 1839 and 1900 mark the location of a souterrain in this same area; an underground passage typical of early medieval Irish ringforts used for storage or refuge. Today, the monument is somewhat overgrown with scrub, particularly across the raised interior and southwestern sections, but it remains a fascinating example of how medieval fortifications evolved and adapted over time, blending Irish and Anglo-Norman defensive traditions.