Bawn, Clara Upper, Co. Kilkenny
At Clara Castle in County Kilkenny, a compact defensive forecourt stands as testament to the turbulent times of late 16th and early 17th century Ireland.
Bawn, Clara Upper, Co. Kilkenny
This small rectangular bawn measures approximately 14.6 metres east to west and tapers from 6.4 metres wide at its eastern end to 5.8 metres at the west, with walls rising just over 3 metres high. Built from roughly coursed limestone rubble, it was clearly added onto the north façade of the earlier 16th century tower house, its walls abutting rather than bonding with the original structure. What makes this addition particularly striking is its formidable defensive capability; thirteen gun loops pierce the walls about a metre above ground level, providing comprehensive coverage of all approaches. The main entrance, a pointed doorway in the north wall, aligns directly with the tower house’s main door, creating a defensive killing ground for anyone attempting forced entry.
Historical evidence suggests this wasn’t merely a defensive structure but served multiple domestic purposes. A sketch from around 1850 by George Du Noyer reveals that the bawn once formed the ground floor of two two-storey buildings. The eastern building featured a steep-pitched gable roof that connected to the tower house, whilst the western structure had a gentler roof pitch and included a chimney stack, indicating it contained living quarters with a fireplace. Both buildings had windows at ground and first floor levels, though these openings have since been filled in. The sketch also shows a single-storey lean-to structure with a cat-slide roof against the tower house’s eastern wall, of which only tie-stones projecting from the bawn’s southern face remain visible today.
The interior of the bawn preserves some fascinating details of its past life. The eastern half features well-preserved cobblestones laid in an attractive diamond pattern, though this is interrupted near the base of the eastern wall by foundations of what may have been an internal hearth. The gun loops themselves demonstrate careful defensive planning; angle loops at each corner eliminate blind spots, whilst others protect the doorway and cover the approaches. This combination of domestic and military architecture reflects the reality of life in early modern Ireland, where even relatively modest additions to tower houses needed to serve as both comfortable living spaces and fortified strongholds capable of withstanding attack.





