Bawn, Castlemartyr, Co. Cork
On the western side of Castlemartyr in County Cork stands an impressive bawn that has evolved from medieval fortification to working farmyard.
Bawn, Castlemartyr, Co. Cork
This large, roughly rectangular enclosure measures approximately 65 metres from northwest to southeast and 50 metres from southwest to northeast. Its walls have witnessed centuries of change, now incorporating farm buildings from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries alongside its original defensive structures. The most striking features are the five-storey tower house at the southeast corner, which still stands to its full height, and a three-storey gabled tower at the northeast corner.
The bawn walls remain largely intact, though the northwest corner appears to have been lost over time. The northern and southern walls run straight for about 30 metres, whilst the western wall angles outward for roughly 40 metres from the north end of a 17th-century range that runs along the southern wall. This western section contains a blocked doorway with a pointed arch, above which sits a curious horizontal stone featuring a human head carved in false relief. The eastern wall takes a more complex path, beginning at the south wall of the northeast tower before swinging southeast, then returning west and south again in two right angles to meet the tower house’s north wall.
Today, visitors enter the farmyard through a rounded archway in the north wall, likely added during the 19th century along with the decorative castellations that crown this section. The site represents a fascinating palimpsest of Irish history, where medieval defensive architecture has been continuously adapted for agricultural use across multiple centuries, creating a unique blend of fortification and farming that characterises many of Ireland’s historic landscapes.