Bawn, Ballinamore, Co. Longford
In Ballinamore, County Longford, the remains of a substantial bawn tell a story of 17th-century defensive architecture and rural fortification.
Bawn, Ballinamore, Co. Longford
This large rectangular enclosure, measuring roughly 91 metres from north-northwest to south-southeast and 60 metres from east-northeast to west-southwest, is defined by impressive stone walls that still stand about 4.5 metres high and nearly 2 metres thick. The bawn is associated with a fortified house situated in its southern half, creating a defensive complex that would have provided both residence and refuge during Ireland’s turbulent plantation period.
Historical maps from 1837 and 1911–12 reveal intriguing details about the bawn’s internal layout, showing it was once divided into two sections by an east-west wall extending from the main house’s north wall. Today, wall footings measuring 4.3 metres long, running east from the northern end of the house’s east wall, may be all that remains of this internal division. The defensive nature of the structure is evident in the gun loops still visible; two in the north wall and one possible blocked example in the south wall, which would have allowed defenders to fire upon attackers whilst remaining protected behind the thick stone walls.
The bawn’s original entrance remains a mystery, though it may have been located in the southeast corner where a gateway now provides access to the interior, despite significant rebuilding in this area. Farm buildings have since been constructed in the northeast corner, whilst the northwest angle shows clear evidence of reconstruction, possibly marking the location of a rounded angle tower described by Wilson in 1892 as a ’rounded projecting portion of the wall, which enabled the defenders to enfilade any attacking parties’. About 440 metres to the southeast, a church and graveyard complete this historic landscape, suggesting the bawn was part of a larger settlement that balanced both spiritual and defensive needs in post-medieval Ireland.