Building, Pigeonpark, Co. Kilkenny
Co. Kilkenny |
Utility Structures
A medieval inventory from 1307 lists, among the assets of a Kilkenny manor, a hall, a chamber, a dairy, a grange, wooden outbuildings, and a dovecote.
That last detail is perhaps why this corner of County Kilkenny carries the name Pigeonpark today, a quiet echo of a bird that once signalled wealth and lordly privilege. Keeping doves in a dedicated structure, a dovecote or columbarium, was in medieval Ireland a mark of high status; the birds provided fresh meat and eggs through winter and their droppings served as valuable fertiliser. The name has outlasted almost everything else.
The manor in question was Dunfert, and the inventory was taken as part of an extent of lands belonging to Joan, Countess of Gloucester and Hertford. The scholar Goddard Henry Orpen, writing in 1909, drew on this document and examined the physical remains on the ground. What he found was a very large circular earthwork, surrounded by a deep ditch and inner bank, with traces of a rectangular tower and further structures on the bank, and evidence of a wall that once divided the enclosure across its diameter. A smaller enclosure sat roughly twenty metres to the north-east. Orpen proposed that this outer fort, possibly the original Dun Fearta from which the manor took its name, had been pressed into service as the courtyard for the domestic complex described in 1307, and that the smaller adjacent enclosure was the bretage, a timber gatehouse or defensive outwork, mentioned in the same document. It was a plausible reading: reusing an ancient ringfort as a manorial enclosure was not uncommon in medieval Ireland.
What complicates the picture is that a field inspection carried out in May 1997 found no trace of the buildings Orpen had described nearly ninety years earlier. Whether they had disappeared in the intervening decades or had already been faint when Orpen visited is unclear. The earthwork itself survives, but the domestic detail he read into it, the hall, the chamber, the dovecote, exists now mainly in a fourteenth-century list and a scholar's careful conjecture.