Castle - motte and bailey, Ballycreggan, Co. Roscommon
In the valley of the Cross River at Ballycreggan, County Roscommon, a medieval motte and bailey castle makes use of the natural landscape in clever ways.
Castle - motte and bailey, Ballycreggan, Co. Roscommon
The builders took advantage of a natural gravel ridge covered in grass, reshaping it into an impressive flat-topped oval mound that measures 60 metres from northeast to southwest and about 50 metres across. The top of the motte is considerably smaller at 34 metres by 21.5 metres, rising between 5.3 and 7.5 metres high depending on which side you approach from. Around the southwestern side, they dug a defensive ditch or fosse about 9 metres wide at the top, narrowing to 2.4 metres at the base and reaching 1.4 metres deep, with an outer bank stretching 12.5 metres wide and standing 2 metres high.
The castle’s designers didn’t stop there; they created a crescent-shaped bailey by cutting another, more substantial fosse across the tail of the ridge from the northeast. This second ditch is about 14 metres wide at the top, narrowing to 2.4 metres at the base, and plunging to an impressive depth of 3.2 metres. The bailey itself forms a roughly crescent shape measuring 21 metres north to south and 15 metres east to west, providing additional defensive space typical of Norman castle design. The actual castle structure sits atop the summit of the motte, though its remains are now part of the earthworks.
Today, this impressive earthwork castle is protected as National Monument No. 682 under state ownership. The site sits about 50 metres east of the Cross River stream, and its strategic position in the valley would have given its medieval occupants excellent views of the surrounding countryside. The careful adaptation of the natural ridge into this defensive structure shows the skill of medieval military engineers in working with the landscape rather than against it.