Castle - motte and bailey, Joanstown, Co. Westmeath
In the townland of Joanstown, County Westmeath, a medieval motte and bailey castle stands as a subtle reminder of Anglo-Norman power in 12th century Ireland.
Castle - motte and bailey, Joanstown, Co. Westmeath
The site sits on low-lying wet pastureland just 10 metres east of the Black River, which marks the boundary with neighbouring Corey townland. The main feature is a circular, flat-topped mound measuring 20 metres north to south and 19 metres east to west, with faint traces of a defensive ditch, or fosse, visible on its southwestern side.
The castle shows signs of a more complex defensive structure than first appears. A second arc of earthen bank with an external fosse can be seen 15 metres from the base of the motte to the southwest, whilst aerial photographs from 2011 reveal what might be another wide bank 12 metres southeast of the main mound. These features could represent the remains of a bailey; the enclosed courtyard that would have contained buildings for everyday life whilst the motte served as the last line of defence. The southwestern earthwork might alternatively be an old river embankment, as the course of the Black River appears to have been diverted at some point in the past.
The entire area bears the marks of centuries of agricultural use, with old field drains crisscrossing the land and evidence of digging on the mound itself, possibly connected to the river’s redirection. Just 80 metres southeast lies another earthwork (catalogued as WM006-063), suggesting this stretch of the Black River valley held strategic importance for medieval settlers. Though weathered by time and farming, these earthworks offer a tangible connection to the period when Norman lords first established their foothold in the Irish midlands, building these timber-topped earth castles to control river crossings and fertile lands.