Concentric enclosure, Outrath, Co. Kilkenny

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Enclosures

Concentric enclosure, Outrath, Co. Kilkenny

For a long stretch of its history, the N10 road outside Outrath in County Kilkenny did something unusual: it bent.

Not because of a hill or a river, but to go around something, a double-ringed earthwork whose inner enclosure measured roughly 40 metres across and whose outer ring extended to about 100 metres in diameter. That deliberate detour, visible on the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1839 and still present on the 1957 revision, is one of the more quietly remarkable things about this site. Roads in rural Ireland often preserve the memory of features that have otherwise vanished, swinging wide around a rath or a mound long after the earthwork itself has gone. Here, the road's kink was the monument's last public acknowledgement.

A concentric enclosure of this type consists of two roughly circular earthen banks or ditches, one set inside the other, and is thought in many cases to relate to early medieval settlement or ritual use, though the specific function of any individual example is rarely certain. By the time the 1839 map was surveyed, the south to south-east portion of the outer ring had already been levelled, suggesting that agricultural pressure was already eating into the monument. What remained was recorded, and the road continued to defer to it. That deference ended sometime before 1971, when an aerial photograph taken on 16 July of that year showed the monument fully levelled and the western edge cut away where the N10 had been straightened. The enclosure survived long enough to leave cropmarks, the faint differential growth in crops above buried ditches, a fosse, that revealed its full concentric plan from the air even after nothing remained on the ground. Two further enclosures, also identified as cropmarks, sit roughly 130 metres and 230 metres to the east-south-east and south-east, suggesting this was once a more densely occupied landscape than its current appearance would suggest.

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