Enclosure, Cregmore, Co. Mayo

Co. Mayo |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Cregmore, Co. Mayo

In a stretch of undulating Mayo pasture, a roughly circular enclosure about thirty metres across sits with one half of its defining wall still standing and the other gone.

That surviving arc of stonework does double duty: it marks the boundary of the enclosure and, at the same time, forms the boundary between two townlands. It is the kind of detail that suggests the wall was already old and authoritative enough, when the townland divisions were being formalised, to serve as a ready-made territorial edge.

Enclosures of this general type, subcircular areas defined by an earthen or stone wall, are among the most common archaeological features in the Irish landscape. They are often associated with early medieval settlement, where a ringfort, known in Irish as a ráth when built from earth or a cashel when built from stone, would have enclosed a farmstead and its immediate working area. The Cregmore example was captured on the Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1929 and confirmed by aerial photography, which also recorded additional earthworks in the surrounding fields. Those associated features, noted by Lavelle in 1994, have since been levelled, along with the northern arc of the enclosure wall itself, leaving only the southern to north-north-west stretch intact. What the aerial photograph preserved as a legible pattern in the ground is now largely erased at field level, the enclosure reduced to a partial outline and a boundary function it may never have been intended to serve.

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