Enclosure, Farrankelly, Co. Wicklow
Co. Wicklow |
Enclosures
A plectrum-shaped ditch nearly forty-four metres across, invisible to anyone walking the surface but perfectly legible from the air, lay quietly beneath a field in Farrankelly, County Wicklow, until a satellite image taken in July 2013 gave it away.
Crop marks, the faint differential growth patterns that betray buried features to aerial photography, outlined not only the large outer enclosure but two smaller ring-ditches sitting within it. For years the site remained a ghostly signature on a screen. It only came to light in the physical sense when residential development by Cairn Homes brought archaeologists to the field.
A geophysical survey carried out in 2015 by Joanna Leigh confirmed the circular forms underground, measuring roughly eleven and twelve metres in diameter respectively, and suggested a larger enclosing feature around them. Testing followed in 2017, conducted by Rob Lynch and Enda Lydon of IAC Archaeology, which identified three distinct areas of archaeological interest across the site. Full excavation of the core area, designated Area 1A, was undertaken in 2020 by Muireann Ní Cheallacháin. What emerged was a penannular enclosure, meaning a near-complete ring broken by a deliberate gap rather than fully closed, accessed through a causewayed entrance two metres wide on its southern side. The enclosure ditch had suffered badly on its north-western edge, where a sand and gravel quarry had destroyed an entire quadrant. Within what remained, excavators found degraded animal bone and a small quantity of burnt bone in the ditch fills. Four burial pits were recorded inside the enclosure, each containing funerary vessels placed in the ground, among them an inverted encrusted urn in pit C311, a type of decorated ceramic associated with Bronze Age cremation practice. Token cremation burial pits, a flat cemetery, a burnt spread, postholes, and a large stone-lined kiln were also uncovered across the same area, layered over and cutting into one another across what appears to have been centuries of intermittent use. The artefacts point to a possible later prehistoric date, consistent with Bronze Age activity documented elsewhere in the surrounding Wicklow landscape. The site now lies beneath housing, its geometry preserved only in excavation records and that original satellite image from a summer afternoon in 2013.