Enclosure, Rathcash, Co. Kilkenny

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Rathcash, Co. Kilkenny

At Rathcash in County Kilkenny, a circular enclosure roughly 65 metres across lies buried beneath arable farmland, entirely invisible to anyone walking the field above it.

No earthwork survives, no ring of stones, no obvious depression in the ground. What betrays its existence is the crop itself: in dry summers, the buried ditch, or fosse, that once defined the enclosure's perimeter causes the plants growing above it to respond differently to moisture, producing a faint discolouration that only becomes legible from the air.

The enclosure came to light through aerial photographs taken in July 1970, when Cambridge University's Committee for Aerial Photography captured two passes over the site, each showing the cropmark of the circular fosse with enough clarity to establish its shape and approximate diameter. Further aerial survey work in 1995 and again in July 2000 confirmed the feature. A fosse, in this context, is a defensive or boundary ditch dug around a settlement or enclosure, and circular enclosures of this kind are among the most widespread archaeological monument types in Ireland, associated broadly with the early medieval period though not exclusively so. Adjoining the southern sector of this example is a rectilinear feature that may represent part of an associated field system, suggesting the enclosure did not sit in isolation but was connected to a working agricultural landscape. One of the 1970 photographs also shows a field boundary running roughly east to west across the southern portion of the monument; that boundary has since been removed.

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