The castle first appears in historical records in 1587, when the lands were granted to Sir John O’Doherty, marking the beginning of its documented life as a significant stronghold. By 1601, it had evolved into an impressive fortification, complete with thick ramparts, two casemates, and five pieces of artillery. The castle’s naturally defensive position was nearly perfect; surrounded by sea on most sides with only a single approach protected by bogland, it served as the chief stronghold of the O’Doherty clan.

The early 17th century brought dramatic changes to Burt Castle’s fortunes. After being briefly occupied by English forces between 1601 and 1602, it was returned to Cahir O’Doherty when peace was restored. However, O’Doherty’s revolt in 1608 sealed the castle’s fate as an Irish stronghold. Following its capture, the Plantation of Ulster saw the estate leased to Thomas Chichester, who undertook significant renovations by 1611. He rebuilt the castle itself, erected a substantial stone house within the bawn (the defensive wall surrounding the castle), and constructed two timber houses outside its protective walls. The estate later passed to Sir Charles Chichester and likely remained inhabited until around 1690.

Like many Irish castles, Burt fell into decline over the centuries. By the early 19th century, parts of the structure had already been demolished, and by 1833 the castle stood roofless against the Donegal sky. Further damage came around 1890 when many of its windows were destroyed. Today, what remains of Burt Castle, alongside the later 16th and 17th century house at nearby Grange, serves as a tangible reminder of the complex layers of Irish history; from Gaelic lordship through English conquest, rebellion, and plantation, to eventual abandonment and ruin.