Killeeshal Fort, Killeeshal, Co. Carlow
Killeeshal Fort in County Carlow represents a fascinating palimpsest of Irish history, where centuries of occupation have left their mark on the landscape.
Killeeshal Fort, Killeeshal, Co. Carlow
Though now levelled and visible only through aerial photography and cropmarks, this complex once comprised multiple defensive structures spanning different periods. The site reveals a large outer enclosure, roughly 100 metres in diameter, which contained a smaller circular ringfort of about 30 metres across on its northern side. Between these two structures, traces suggest the presence of an even smaller enclosure, perhaps 15 metres in diameter, creating a nested arrangement of defensive earthworks.
The southern portion of the site tells a different story, where a square moated site with its characteristic fosse and bank, measuring approximately 40 by 40 metres, was built over the earlier large enclosure. This later addition likely dates to the medieval period, as suggested by a fourteenth or fifteenth century pendant discovered at the site. Aerial photographs from 1990 revealed additional cropmarks showing another large enclosure defined by a fosse, attached to the south and east of the moated site, along with traces of what may have been a trackway and associated field boundaries.
Archaeological finds from Killeeshal Fort provide tangible connections to its inhabitants across the centuries. A sixth or seventh century terminal, likely originating from the ringfort, points to Early Medieval occupation when such circular fortified homesteads were common throughout Ireland. The later medieval pendant suggests continued use or reoccupation of the site during the later Middle Ages, when the square moated site was probably constructed. While the earthworks themselves have been lost to agricultural activity, the complex patterns visible from the air and the recovered artefacts offer valuable insights into how this location served as a place of settlement and defence for over a thousand years.