Killoshulan Castle, Killoshulan, Co. Kilkenny
On a raised slope facing east in the woodland of County Kilkenny stands Killoshulan Castle, a compact circular tower house that once belonged to the Shortalls before being forfeited under Cromwell.
Killoshulan Castle, Killoshulan, Co. Kilkenny
The three-storey limestone structure, measuring about 6.4 metres in diameter, rises from bedrock with walls that taper towards the base, still bearing traces of original harling. Its eastern entrance features a pointed doorway with fascinating details; a Latin inscription in 15th-century antiqua script curves around the door head, though only the opening words “omnium fert aetas castell[um]…” remain legible. The doorway was once secured by a yett, an iron grille gate, with evidence of the fitting still visible in the stonework, whilst overhead machicolation corbels hint at the defensive measures once employed to protect visitors from above.
Inside, the tower reveals the clever defensive architecture typical of Irish tower houses. The entrance lobby, now partially damaged, featured a murder hole overhead and possibly a guard recess to the north. A narrow mural staircase winds upward through the southeastern wall, lit by defensive loops including a rectangular gun loop between the ground and first floors. Each level served different purposes; the ground floor chamber, spanning 3.2 metres across, receives light through three small windows, whilst the first floor once supported wooden flooring beneath its corbelled vault ceiling. The second floor, slightly larger at 3.3 by 3.7 metres, shows signs of later modification with widened windows and brick repairs to the eastern embrasure arch.
The castle’s defensive perimeter once included a bawn wall, of which a 38-metre section survives about 40 metres southeast of the tower. According to the antiquarian Carrigan, writing in 1905, Edmund Butler, brother of Lord Galmoy, lived here in the 17th century until his death at the Battle of Aughrim in 1691. Despite Carrigan’s suggestion that this tower was too modest to be the main castle, its sophisticated features tell otherwise; from the unusually positioned garderobe at the stair top, complete with slop stone and chute, to the narrow mural stair leading to the parapet level, every detail speaks to careful medieval planning adapted to the demands of defence and daily life in turbulent times.