Ringfort (Cashel), Crumlin, Co. Clare
Co. Clare |
Ringforts
On a narrow rock terrace cut into the western face of a steep slope on the Burren's edge in County Clare, three ancient enclosures sit in a loose north-south chain, separated by no more than a few hundred metres.
This middle one of the three occupies an exposed shelf at roughly the 400-foot contour, with higher ground pressing in from the east and open country falling away to the west. What makes it quietly anomalous is the combination of its setting and its shape: not the usual roughly circular ringfort, but a D-shaped enclosure, its straight edge running along the east side, as though the builders used the natural lie of the slope as one boundary in their thinking, even if the wall itself completes the circuit.
The antiquarian Thomas Johnson Westropp, writing in the Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland in 1905, described this group of three as "rude old enclosures of slab masonry, partly rebuilt, but embodying ancient work, though neither regular nor massive," and judged them to have been "evidently cattle bauns." A bawn, in Irish usage, is an enclosed yard or field used for penning livestock, typically associated with an adjacent settlement or farmstead, and Westropp's reading suggests these were working enclosures rather than defended residences. The central enclosure measures roughly 21 metres north to south and 17 metres east to west. Its double-faced drystone wall, built without mortar in the tradition of Burren stonework, survives best along the outer face, reaching up to 1.6 metres in height at the north and north-north-east. The inner face is better preserved from the north-east and from the east-south-east around to the south. Sections from the south-east to south-west and at the north-east have collapsed. Despite this, the wall is substantial at its thickest point on the east side, running to around 2.3 metres across. The enclosure did not appear on the first edition of the Ordnance Survey six-inch map, though it was indicated on the later Cassini edition of 1915, a detail that hints at how easily such low-profile field monuments can slip through the documentary record.