Ringfort (Cashel), Knock, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Cashel), Knock, Co. Mayo

Beneath the overgrown interior of this cashel near Knock, a passage runs underground.

The souterrain, a stone-lined subterranean tunnel or chamber typically associated with early medieval settlement, sits at the centre of a site that otherwise reads, at first glance, as little more than a slight thickening of the field boundary, a low ring of stone barely half a metre high and two metres wide. The cashel itself, a term for a ringfort built from stone rather than earthen banks, measures roughly 36 metres north to south and 38 metres east to west, placing it solidly in the range of a substantial early medieval farmstead enclosure. It sits on a south-facing slope in undulating pasture, the kind of quiet agricultural ground that rolls through much of County Mayo without announcing its age.

The circuit of the enclosing wall has been levelled to the north and east, likely through centuries of agricultural activity, but enough survives to trace the full perimeter. Inside, the ground is heavily overgrown and broken up by natural rock outcrop, which makes it difficult to read the interior clearly. The souterrain at the centre is the detail that distinguishes this site from the many other low stone enclosures scattered across the landscape. Souterrains were used during the early medieval period, roughly between the sixth and twelfth centuries, for storage, refuge, or both, and their presence within a cashel generally suggests a settlement of some domestic significance. The pairing of a stone enclosure with a souterrain is well documented across Connacht and points to a farmstead whose occupants had both the means and the need to build underground.

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Pete F
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