Ringfort (Rath), Ballingaddy, Co. Clare

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballingaddy, Co. Clare

Most ringforts in Ireland have been reduced to a single grassy bank, their second line of defence long since ploughed away or quarried for field walls.

The rath at Ballingaddy, Co. Clare, retains both of its earthen ramparts, making it what surveyors call a bivallate rath, one defended by two concentric banks rather than one. It sits on the crest of a low ridge running roughly east to west, with clear views in most directions, though higher ground to the south-east means it was not entirely commanding. The site is roughly subcircular, measuring about 64 metres north-east to south-west and 61 metres north-west to south-east, which puts it at a substantial size for this type of monument.

The structure itself rewards a closer look. The inner bank, built from earth and stone, rises between just over a metre and nearly two and three-quarter metres on its outer face, and runs between five and nearly six metres wide. Between the two banks lies a fosse, the term for the ditch dug to create the rampart material and serve as an additional obstacle, which varies between three and seven metres in width. The outer bank is lower and narrower, but still clearly legible in the landscape. On the eastern side, a causewayed entrance gap about 4.8 metres wide breaks through the defences, the original point of access preserved in the earthwork. The interior surface slopes downward toward the south-east and is uneven underfoot, though no visible features survive above ground to indicate where a house or outbuilding once stood. Ringforts of this kind were typically the enclosed farmsteads of early medieval Ireland, roughly dating to between the sixth and tenth centuries, and a double-banked example like this one would have belonged to a family of some local standing. The site was recorded on Ordnance Survey maps of both 1840 and 1916, appearing on those early sheets with the hachure markings used to indicate earthwork monuments, confirming that it was clearly visible and recognisable to surveyors across nearly a century of mapping.

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