Ringfort (Rath), Ballinroche, Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballinroche, Co. Limerick

What you are looking at, if you know where to look, is a circle that has spent roughly a millennium quietly becoming a field boundary.

The outer edge of the fosse, the defensive ditch that once ran around this early medieval enclosure near Ballinroche in County Limerick, has been absorbed into the surrounding agricultural landscape so thoroughly that the southeast to southwest arc of it now forms part of a working field boundary. The ringfort itself, a rath, was the most common form of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, typically a circular area enclosed by one or more earthen banks and ditches, where a farming family would have lived, kept livestock, and gone about the ordinary business of rural life. This one sits on a gentle east-facing slope in undulating pasture, with clear views stretching away in all directions, which is precisely where you would choose to build if you wanted to keep watch over the surrounding land.

When the Archaeological Survey of Ireland recorded the site in 2001, their surveyors found a roughly circular enclosure approximately 30 metres in diameter, defined by an earth and stone bank around 4.6 metres wide. By that point the bank had been worn down considerably, standing only around 0.15 metres above the interior ground level and 0.3 metres above the exterior, almost reduced in places to a simple scarp. The fosse beyond it measured around 7 metres across overall, though shallow, with a depth of just 0.2 metres. Despite this erosion, the interior remained level and dry. A second ringfort, separately recorded as LI022-002, lies only 20 metres to the northeast, and traces of a field system are still visible to the east and south of the monument, suggesting the surrounding land was worked in a pattern that may have its origins in the same period as the enclosure itself. The site was compiled formally into the record by Alison McQueen and Vera Rahilly, with the upload dated August 2020.

On aerial imagery, including Digital Globe orthophotos taken between 2011 and 2013 and a Google Earth image from June 2018, the earthwork reads as a roughly oval shape, which is often how circular earthworks present from above once they have been subjected to centuries of agricultural pressure. On the ground, the perimeter vegetation is dense, and the clearest impression of the bank is likely to come from walking the outer edge rather than standing in the interior. The proximity of the second ringfort makes this a useful site for anyone interested in how these enclosures clustered in the landscape, often within sight of one another, suggesting neighbouring families or related settlements sharing the same stretch of ground.

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