Ringfort (Rath), Ballylin, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
What makes this particular earthwork quietly compelling is not any single dramatic feature but rather the layered collision of different eras of land use written into the same small piece of ground.
Sitting atop a low rise near Ballylin in County Limerick, the site is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, which was the standard form of enclosed farmstead used throughout early medieval Ireland, roughly from the fifth to the twelfth centuries. Most were the homes of farming families rather than military strongholds, their encircling banks offering a degree of protection for livestock and household. This one is a bivallate example, meaning it has two concentric earthen banks rather than the single ring seen at more common sites, which places it a modest notch above the ordinary.
The enclosure measures approximately 31 metres across its east-west axis and is ringed by an inner bank and an outer bank separated by an intervening fosse, the term for a ditch dug to heighten the defensive effect of the bank beside it. A further external fosse runs beyond the outer bank. The inner bank survives best at its north-north-west arc, rising to around 1.6 metres on its outer face, while the outer bank reaches roughly 1.1 metres. Between the outer bank and the external fosse, a flat berm up to 8 metres wide provides a kind of shelf in the earthwork's profile. A causeway entrance, 2.45 metres wide, opens at the north-west, the kind of formal break in an enclosing bank that often signals the original approach route. The site was recorded and compiled by Denis Power, with notes uploaded in August 2011.
The complications arrive with the later field boundaries. A dry-stone wall running on a north-south axis cuts straight through the enclosing elements from the east-north-east to the east-south-east, truncating the outer bank and both fosses, though it leaves the inner bank intact. A lower earth-and-stone field boundary skirts the outer edge of the external fosse on the south-east to north-north-east arc, and at the north-north-east it meets a dry-stone wall that briefly takes the place of the bank before veering away to the north-east. The interior itself is level and partially overgrown with scrub, and a small mound of earth and stone, barely 35 centimetres high and roughly 2 metres by 1.3 metres, sits just north-east of centre, its purpose unrecorded. The site sits in an area of waste-ground, which is perhaps why the earthworks have survived at all; less useful land tends to escape the plough.