Ringfort (Rath), Bishop'S Island, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Bishop’S Island, Co. Cork

On a west-facing slope on Bishop's Island in County Cork, a near-perfect circle of raised earth sits quietly in the middle of farmland, its banks thick with briars and ferns, its interior a smooth bowl of grass.

It is the kind of thing you could walk past without quite registering what you were looking at, which is perhaps the most remarkable thing about it: this is an early medieval homestead, roughly fifteen centuries old, that has survived largely intact beneath the skin of the modern pastoral landscape.

The structure is a rath, the most common type of ringfort found across Ireland. A rath is essentially a circular enclosure defined by one or more earthen banks, thrown up in the early medieval period, roughly between 500 and 1000 AD, to enclose a farmstead and offer a degree of protection to the family and livestock within. This example measures approximately 30 metres north to south and 29 metres east to west, making it a fairly typical specimen in terms of scale. Its enclosing bank still stands to a height of 2.25 metres, which is a meaningful survival. On the south-south-west to north-west arc, a shallow external fosse, the term for the accompanying ditch from which the bank material was originally dug, remains visible in the ground. The combination of a well-preserved bank and a legible fosse gives a clearer picture than many comparable sites, where centuries of agriculture have reduced the earthworks to little more than a slight rise in a field.

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