Ringfort (Rath), Clareen, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Clareen, Co. Mayo

On a low ridge in Co. Mayo, with the River Robe running about 300 metres to the west, a large circular earthwork sits quietly in ordinary pasture, overlooking a wide, flat floodplain.

It is not dramatic in height, but its position is deliberate and considered, chosen for its command of the surrounding landscape rather than any defensive elevation. This is a rath, an early medieval ringfort of the kind that once served as a farmstead or enclosed settlement, defined by a raised bank and sometimes a ditch. Here, the enclosing bank traces a roughly circular area measuring just over 82 metres north to south and 80 metres east to west, which places it among the larger examples of its type.

The bank itself, flat-topped and originally between four and five metres wide, still stands to around 1.5 metres on its outer face in the sections where it survives. Not all of it does. A stretch of roughly 45 metres along the west-southwest to north-northwest arc has been levelled completely, its former course now visible only as a cropmark, the faint shadow of buried soil. A further portion to the north was quarried away at some point, leaving an elongated pit roughly 22 metres long and half a metre deep. Elsewhere, farm stock have worn small gaps through the circuit over the years. The most likely original entrance lies at the north-northeast, where a gap of about 3.5 metres opens between terminals that curve inward in a characteristic funnel shape. Running inward from those terminals, two low parallel ridges, possibly the remains of levelled internal banks, extend southward through the interior, passing beneath a later field wall that cuts across the rath. They fade out near the centre, and whether they ever reached the far side of the enclosure is not known. A partial depression along the southwest arc hints at a fosse, the outer ditch that typically accompanied a bank of this kind, though it does not appear to continue around the rest of the circuit.

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Pete F
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