Ringfort (Rath), Cloonigny, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ringforts
In the gently undulating grassland of Cloonigny in north County Galway, a low oval earthwork sits quietly in a field, its double banks still legible after perhaps fifteen centuries of wind and rain and occasional quarrying.
What makes it worth a second look is not its size, roughly 31 metres east to west and 28.5 metres north to south, but the detail that survives within and around it: a stone-lined gap on the south-south-east side, 3.3 metres wide, that may well be the original entrance, and beneath the enclosed ground, the likely presence of a souterrain.
A rath, as this type of ringfort is sometimes called, was typically the enclosed farmstead of an early medieval Irish family of some local standing, probably dating from somewhere between the fifth and twelfth centuries. The enclosure here follows the standard pattern of a raised interior surrounded by a bank, then a fosse (a ditch), then a second outer bank, the whole arrangement acting as a combined boundary marker and barrier against livestock theft or casual raiding. The outer bank has been partially quarried away on the north-north-west side, a common fate for earthworks in agricultural districts where stone and compacted material were simply too useful to leave undisturbed. The souterrain, an underground passage or chamber typically built from stone and used for storage or refuge, has not been excavated or fully confirmed here, but its probable presence adds a subterranean dimension to what looks from the surface like a modest grassy ring.