Ringfort (Rath), Dromagarraun, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
Part of what makes this small enclosure in County Limerick quietly unsettling is the way the landscape seems to want to swallow it.
The surrounding pasture is undulating and marshy, and the ringfort sits on only the slightest of rises above it, as though the ground beneath made the barest effort to keep it dry. Yet the ditch encircling it, known as a fosse, has been widened and deepened in recent times to serve as part of a field drainage system, meaning that the very feature designed to defend an Early Medieval settlement is now being put to entirely agricultural work. It is a small irony that centuries of gradual silting and waterlogging have been reversed not out of archaeological interest but out of practical necessity.
A rath, as this type of monument is more precisely called, is a ringfort of earthen construction, typically dating from the Early Medieval period in Ireland, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. They were enclosed farmsteads, built by families of middling status to protect livestock and signal a degree of social standing in the landscape. This particular example, recorded by Denis Power and uploaded to the national survey in August 2011, is a roughly circular enclosure measuring approximately 24 metres north to south and 26 metres east to west. Its boundary is formed partly by an earth-and-stone bank, standing about 0.8 metres on both the interior and exterior faces on the western to north-eastern arc, and partly by a scarped, or cut-away, edge on the opposite arc, reaching 1.1 metres in height and around 4 metres in width. The fosse runs around the entire circumference; where it has not been enlarged for drainage, it remains shallow at around 0.4 metres deep, and largely waterlogged.
Accessing this kind of site in marshy Limerick pasture requires some preparation. The ground around the fosse is wet, and field boundaries and drains run close to the eastern and southern edges, which can complicate a clean approach. The interior is level and grassed over, though the north-western quadrant is now covered by trees, which will obscure that portion of the bank. Summer or a dry autumn spell will make the going considerably easier than winter or spring, when the surrounding low-lying fields are likely to be waterlogged. What to look for once there is the subtle contrast between the scarped eastern edge and the built-up bank on the western side, and the way the fosse, even in its modified state, still traces the full circle of the original enclosure.