Ringfort (Rath), Kilquire, Co. Mayo
Co. Mayo |
Ringforts
In the undulating pasture of Kilquire, a low ring of earthwork sits quietly in the landscape, its circular outline still legible after more than a thousand years of farming around and, eventually, straight through it.
A modern stone field fence now bisects the interior roughly east to west, and on the eastern side the outer bank has been levelled where that same fence was laid over it. The site has been absorbed into working agricultural land without quite disappearing, which gives it an oddly layered quality, early medieval geometry and nineteenth-century field division occupying exactly the same ground.
The enclosure measures approximately 34 metres north to south and 32 metres east to west, making it a fairly typical example of a rath, the earthen ringfort form that was once the standard settlement type across early medieval Ireland, serving as a defended farmstead for a single family or small household. Here, the main bank still stands to around 1.2 metres, with an external fosse, essentially a surrounding ditch, cut to a depth of 0.9 metres. A lower outer bank, surviving at roughly 0.5 metres, runs beyond that. The entrance faces south-east and is 4.8 metres wide, with a causeway crossing the fosse. Perhaps the most compelling feature is a souterrain in the interior, a souterrain being an underground stone-lined passage or chamber typically used for cool storage or as a place of refuge, common finds within ringforts of this period across Ireland. The presence of one here suggests the site was occupied with enough permanence and resources to justify its construction. The broader landscape context, close to Lough Mask and Lough Carra in south County Mayo, is one that was evidently well settled in early medieval times, as an archaeological survey of the Ballinrobe district compiled by D. Lavelle in 1994 recorded the site among numerous others in the area.