Ringfort (Rath), Liscappul, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Liscappul, Co. Galway

What makes this site quietly unusual is not one ringfort but two, joined together on a low rise in the rolling grassland of north Galway.

Conjoined raths of this kind are relatively uncommon; most ringforts, the roughly circular enclosed farmsteads that early medieval Irish families built and occupied from around the fifth to the twelfth centuries, stand alone. Here, a larger enclosure and a smaller one sit side by side, connected by a gap in the shared boundary, which raises the kind of questions that rarely get clean answers: whether they were built together by design, or whether one was added to the other over time, and why.

The northern rath is the larger of the two, measuring roughly 42 metres east to west and 38 metres north to south, and is subcircular in plan. It is defined by a stone-lined bank and an external fosse, which is the term for a ditch dug as part of a defensive or boundary arrangement, with the upcast material typically forming the bank inside it. The fosse is best preserved on the western side; elsewhere, overgrowth has obscured much of the enclosing elements. A gap about two metres wide at the south-east may be the original entrance. A second gap on the southern side leads through into the south-western rath, the smaller companion enclosure, which is nearly circular at 26 metres by 25 metres and similarly defined by a bank and external fosse, though again heavily obscured by vegetation. A trackway also cuts across the raths, a reminder that the landscape did not stop being used simply because the original occupants were long gone.

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