Ringfort (Rath), Lismakeery, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
What strikes you first about this site in Lismakeery is the sheer external face of its bank.
From inside the enclosure, the earthen rampart rises only about sixty centimetres above the ground, modest enough that you might underestimate it entirely. Step outside and look back, however, and that same bank towers to a height of around 3.4 metres, its outer face almost vertical, becoming increasingly scarp-like along the eastern side. It is the kind of deliberate illusion that early medieval builders understood well: the interior, for those who lived within it, felt open and workable, while any approach from outside would have met something far more imposing.
The fort belongs to a class of monument known as a rath, the most common type of ringfort found across Ireland. Ringforts were typically enclosed farmsteads, built and occupied during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries, and used to protect a family, their livestock, and their small-scale agricultural activity. This particular example sits atop a limestone ridge in County Limerick, with the ground falling away to the west into a river valley, a position that would have offered both drainage and visibility. The enclosure is roughly circular, measuring about 38.4 metres north to south and 42 metres east to west. A fosse, the external ditch that runs around the bank, is around 2.7 metres wide, though shallow at roughly 0.3 metres deep; it is now heavily colonised by nettles along its base and sides. The entrance, 2.9 metres wide, faces south-south-west. The site is recorded in the notes of antiquarian T. J. Westropp, whose surveys of Limerick's field monuments in the early twentieth century documented dozens of such features across the county. It was later compiled by Denis Power and uploaded to the national record in August 2011, with aerial photographs taken by the Archaeological Survey of Ireland in March 2006.
The interior is under pasture and slopes down very slightly towards the north-west, so the ground underfoot is uneven rather than level. Field boundaries have been built up against the bank at both the north-west and south-east, cutting across the fosse at those points, which means the ditch is only fully visible in sections. A graveyard lies just ten metres to the north, a proximity that is not unusual in the Irish landscape, where early ecclesiastical enclosures and domestic ringforts were sometimes established close together, or where later communities chose to bury their dead near ancient landmarks. The nettles in the fosse are a reliable guide to where the original ditch line ran, even where later field walls have obscured it.