These subterranean structures, found throughout Ireland but particularly common in counties like Cork, Kerry, and Donegal, were typically built between the 6th and 12th centuries AD. Souterrains consist of stone-lined tunnels and chambers, often accessed through narrow openings and featuring clever defensive designs such as creeps; low passages that forced anyone entering to crawl on hands and knees, making them vulnerable to defenders waiting inside.

The Carrick souterrain, like many others across Ireland, likely served multiple purposes for the farming community that constructed it. These underground refuges provided secure storage for valuable goods and foodstuffs, maintaining consistent cool temperatures ideal for preserving dairy products, grain, and other perishables. During times of conflict or raids, which were not uncommon in medieval Ireland, souterrains offered temporary sanctuary for local families and their most precious belongings. The engineering required to build these structures demonstrates considerable skill; builders had to ensure proper drainage, structural stability, and ventilation whilst creating spaces that could be easily defended if discovered.