Castle - motte and bailey, Ballybough, Co. Tipperary South

Castle – motte and bailey, Ballybough, Co. Tipperary South

In a quiet pasture in Ballybough, County Tipperary South, the remains of a medieval motte and bailey castle lie heavily overgrown with scrub and trees, its earthworks still clearly visible despite centuries of neglect.

Castle - motte and bailey, Ballybough, Co. Tipperary South

The monument sits behind a modern two-storey house, whose garden backs onto the southern edge of the site where, rather unfortunately, garden debris has been tossed into the outer fosse over the years. What makes this particular castle intriguing is its somewhat unusual layout; the motte, a steep-sided mound nearly 7 metres high, sits within the northeast quadrant of the bailey rather than adjacent to it, suggesting that an earlier fortification, possibly a ringfort, may have been substantially modified during the Norman period.

The bailey forms a roughly circular area about 47.5 metres across, defined by a steep earthen scarp over 3 metres high, with what appears to be an original entrance on the southern side. A complex series of defensive earthworks surrounds the site: an intervening fosse or ditch approximately 10 metres wide and 2 metres deep encircles the inner scarp, followed by a substantial outer bank that rises over 3 metres on its external face. Beyond this, an outer fosse completes the defences, though it’s now dry on the southeastern and southern sides whilst remaining waterlogged from south through southeast to west. The motte itself, measuring about 7 metres north to south at its summit, is partially enclosed by its own fosse within the bailey, creating an additional layer of defence for what would have been the castle’s stronghold.



Archaeological interest in the site dates back to at least 1938, when Lyons published a detailed plan and section of the monument, noting evidence of modern disturbance including an excavation on the northeast side and a water trench near the west. Despite its overgrown state and the encroachment of modern development, the earthworks remain remarkably well-preserved, offering a tangible link to the Norman conquest and settlement of Ireland. The site was compiled for archaeological records by Jean Farrelly and uploaded to the national database in August 2011, ensuring its features are properly documented for future study and preservation.

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Lyons, P. 1938 Neville’s Fort. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 68, 288-90.
Ballybough, Co. Tipperary South
52.48248938, -7.70685274
52.48248938,-7.70685274
Ballybough 
Mottes & Baileys 

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