Ringfort (Rath), Ballinlongig, Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballinlongig, Co. Limerick

A circle drawn in the ground more than a thousand years ago is still legible in a Limerick field, if you know what you are looking for.

The ringfort at Ballinlongig sits in level pasture, its roughly circular outline measuring just under twenty-five metres across, and it is the kind of site that rewards a second glance. At first it might read as a slight unevenness in the grass, a low rise around the edge of an otherwise ordinary field. Look more carefully and the enclosing earthen bank resolves itself, along with the fosse, a shallow defensive ditch, that runs around the outside.

Ringforts, known in Irish as raths when they are earthen rather than stone, were the dominant settlement form in early medieval Ireland, roughly from the fifth to the twelfth century. They typically enclosed a farmstead and its inhabitants, offering a degree of protection and marking out a household's territory. The Ballinlongig example is modest by any measure. The bank survives to an internal height of around 0.8 metres and an external height of 1.25 metres, with the accompanying fosse reaching a depth of 0.35 metres and a width of 1.55 metres. On the western to north-eastern arc, the enclosure is defined instead by a scarped edge, a slope cut into the ground to a height of one metre and two metres wide, with a field boundary running along its outer edge. That boundary is still in use today, which tells something about how persistently these old lines organise the landscape. The site was recorded and compiled by Denis Power, with notes uploaded in August 2011.

The interior is largely under pasture and reasonably level, though the enclosing bank and the northern third of the interior had become overgrown at the time of survey. The bank itself has suffered from cattle erosion, with numerous gaps breaking what would once have been a continuous circuit. This is not unusual for earthwork sites in working farmland; livestock find the banks convenient to lean against or clamber over, and decades of that pressure take their toll. Visitors approaching the site should expect an agricultural setting with no formal access infrastructure, and should bear in mind that the land is private. The subtler features, particularly the scarped edge to the west and the transition from fosse to scarp around the northern arc, are worth tracing carefully once you have oriented yourself within the enclosure.

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