Ringfort (Rath), Gortavehy, Co. Cork

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Gortavehy, Co. Cork

What is now a potato field in County Cork was once an enclosed farmstead, and the circular earthwork surrounding it has been quietly absorbing new uses for well over a thousand years.

At the top of a north-facing slope in Gortavehy, the rath, a type of ringfort formed from a raised earthen bank rather than stone, survives in reasonable condition despite the agricultural activity that has reshaped its interior. Measuring roughly 29 metres east to west and 28 metres north to south, the enclosing bank still stands to a height of 1.7 metres in places, with a shallow external fosse, essentially a drainage ditch dug to throw up the material for the bank itself, running around the outside.

Ringforts are among the most common monument types in Ireland, with tens of thousands recorded across the country. They served primarily as enclosed farmsteads during the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to twelfth centuries, and the earthen variety, known as a rath, was the standard form across much of Munster. What makes this particular example worth a second look is what happened to it long after its original occupants were gone. A limekiln, the kind of small stone furnace used to burn limestone into quicklime for use as agricultural fertiliser or mortar, was built directly into the outer face of the northern bank, presumably sometime in the post-medieval period when the old enclosure was simply a convenient mound of earth rather than a site of any obvious significance. The gap in the bank to the south-southwest may mark an original entrance, though it could equally reflect later disturbance. The interior, meanwhile, was at some point ploughed and planted with potatoes, a use that would have been unimaginable to whoever first raised the banks around it.

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