Megalithic tomb - wedge tomb, Croaghonagh, Co. Donegal

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Megalithic Tombs

Megalithic tomb – wedge tomb, Croaghonagh, Co. Donegal

In the mountainous, blanket bog terrain near Lough Mourne in County Donegal, archaeologists made a remarkable discovery in 2011 whilst excavating a Neolithic cairn ahead of a proposed dam development.

Hidden immediately southwest of the ancient cairn lay a wedge tomb dating to the early Bronze Age, its presence unknown for thousands of years. The tomb's position on a natural elevation offers commanding views towards Barnesmore Gap, roughly 5 kilometres to the southeast; an important natural route through the Blue Stack Mountains that would have been as significant to prehistoric peoples as it is today.

The wedge tomb itself is a substantial monument, measuring approximately 8.5 to 9 metres in total length with a façade width of around 4.5 to 5 metres. Its wedge-shaped gallery, outlined by a double wall of upright stone slabs or orthostats, narrows from about 2 metres wide at the entrance to just 1 metre at the rear, with the broad entrance facing west-southwest. Though time hadn't been kind to the structure; no roof stones remained in place and several orthostats had their tops smashed; excavation revealed fascinating construction details. The builders first created a deliberately levelled terrace, placing the inner gallery wall stones directly on this surface without digging sockets. Each long side originally featured five orthostats, whilst two large triangular uprights formed the front façade and a single stone closed the rear. After securing the inner wall with clay and stone packing, they constructed an outer wall about a metre away, reinforcing it with more stony material. Inside, archaeologists found a floor of white sand, likely gathered from the nearby lakeshore, scattered with oak charcoal fragments that radiocarbon dating placed between 2458 and 2205 BC.

What makes this site particularly intriguing is its role as a focal point for human activity spanning over a millennium. Beyond the wedge tomb and its neighbouring Neolithic cairn, excavations revealed a burnt spread and pit from the middle Bronze Age, plus a fulacht fia (ancient cooking site) from the Late Bronze Age. Whilst no burials or artefacts were found within the wedge tomb itself, the deliberate choice of oak for fires; commonly used in prehistoric burial rituals across Ireland; suggests ceremonial significance. Neolithic flint tools discovered beneath the tomb, including a rare petit tranchet derivative, hint at even earlier occupation of this windswept height overlooking one of Donegal's most important ancient routeways.

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